Eleanor Roosevelt essays

Eleanor Roosevelt papers Eleanor Roosevelt was a significant lady in our history. She defeated her issues with her better half to help end the Great Depression. She neutralized the downturn as well as she was a pioneer in the battle for womens rights. She additionally helped individuals by keeping in touch with her day by day section My Day which contacted numerous people groups lives. Eleanor Roosevelt was conceived in 1884 into a well off New York family. Eleanors mother was baffled on the grounds that Eleanor was not delightful and agile. Eleanor built up an over the top want for fondness and commendation (The American Experience) because of her plain looks and absence of habits Eleanors most noteworthy wish was to satisfy her dad (Freedman p. 9) Eleanors father found no issue in her looks, and Eleanor was totally dedicated to him. She appreciated sprucing up and moving for her dad and his companions as a little youngster. (The American Experience) In 1892 Eleanors mother kicked the bucket of diphtheria and Eleanor joyfully moved in with her dad, what her identity was isolated from when her folks were separated due to her dads drinking issues. After two years her dad kicked the bucket of liquor abuse. At that point Eleanor moved in with her grandma. In 1899 Eleanors grandma sent her to Allenswood and all young ladies all inclusive school in England. There Eleano r started to build up some decisiveness. At that point one of her educators picked Eleanor to be her voyaging accomplice in Europe, and Eleanor was acquainted with a way of life of and free ladies (The American Experience). She got back in 1902. After three years Eleanor began to look all starry eyed at and was hitched to her fifth cousin Franklin Roosevelt. Not long after Roosevelt and Eleanor were hitched Franklins over defensive mother, began to control Eleanor. I was starting to be and completely subordinate individual, Eleanor stated, Someone generally to choose everything for me. (The America... <! Eleanor Roosevelt expositions The Battle Of the Monarchs: Can Cathrine Really Be Worthy Of The Title Great? Government is rule by a lord or sovereign. This one individual can utilize it's general force for good or shrewdness. One significant ruler , probly the most remarkable ever, is Louis the XIV . Another very imporatnt ruler was Cathrine the incredible, who managed during the mid-1700's. One could address in the event that she was as succesful as , or even as known as louis the XIV. It is additionally an idea whether she is commendable enough to be contrasted with him. Both were exceptionally ground-breaking , however who was the most remarkable? Both Cathrine and Louis needed to grow the fringes of their nations and there reginof power. Cathrine needed to extend the fringes of Russia and succeded at it. At the point when Turkey announced war on Russia , in order to gain power, lost. In th Treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji of 1774 made Russia gain perminante access to the Black Sea. Along these lines , giving Cathrine the high ground at that point. Louis needed to extend France yet other European rulers couldn't help contradicting him and governed againsthim with other countries.Cathrine appeared to be truly adept at keeping and dealing with land. Cathrine the Great was one of only a handful scarcely any couple of female rulers. She was associated with Russia's scholarly life. She sponsered andedited the diary Vsyaka Vsykaya in 1769 and furthermore extremely worried about the peril that may come to it. cathrine was additionally very affected by western European masterminds and that individuals were brought into the world equivalent for quite a while. Louis the XIV controlled for seventy-two years, which is the longest of that time. He started rule at age five yet started his total guideline of the seat at twenty-three. He trusted in a solid government since he accepted that there would be extraordinary confusion without it. Both administered an extremely solid seat. Cathrine and Louis both had fundamentally the same as perspectives on how the lower classes ought to be dealt with. Cathrine at one point accepted that all individuals were made equivalent yet ... <! Eleanor Roosevelt papers Have you ever catch wind of those individuals that something awful transpires or they simply have a ghastly adolescence and never recuperate to become ordinary again. All things considered, Eleanor Roosevelt had an appalling adolescence, yet she didnt let that influence the astounding individual she became. Her mom detested her, and her dad, the main individual she felt thought about her, kicked the bucket. She was then condemned to live with her grandma, who sent her off to all inclusive school in England. Presently if that isnt an awful method to begin life, I dont recognize what is. Dont stress however in light of the fact that things before long improved at life experience school. Anna Eleanor was conceived on October 11, 1884, in New York City. Her folks were Elliot Roosevelt and Anna Ludlow Hall Roosevelt. Theodore Roosevelt, the previous President of the United States of America, was her adoptive parent. She likewise had two more youthful siblings. Eleanor passed by the name Eleanor rather than Anna (which was just utilized in legitimate issues). Eleanor discovered too soon in life that life isnt in every case reasonable and only one out of every odd thing would go her direction, or for her situation nothing would go her direction. Her mom, Anna, was a wonderful lady and in light of the fact that Eleanor wasntbeautiful, her mother loathed her. Anna portrayed Eleanor as Such a clever kid, so antiquated. Eleanor portrayed Anna as One of the most excellent ladies I have ever observed. Like a great many people, Eleanor had her own extraordinary style. Be that as it may, Anna didnt like it and nicknamed her Granny in light of the fact that Eleanor looked excessi vely Old formed. Eleanor once commented I never grinned. Would you be able to accuse her? Despite the fact that her mom opposed her, Eleanors father developed a fondness for her. He was continually pushing her to be all that she could be and that's just the beginning. Adoring any consideration she got, Eleanor was continually attempting to exceed expectations for her dad. Her dad is presumably one reason she did so we... <! Eleanor Roosevelt articles Eleanor Roosevelt was conceived on October eleventh, 1884 in New York City to the guardians of Anna Hall and Elliot Roosevelt. Her mom kicked the bucket in 1892, and presently she moved in with her grandma with her siblings and sisters. Her dad kicked the bucket two years after this. She initially met Franklin when her companions were all hanging out together at 18 years old and was before long drawn in to her inaccessible cousin by 1903. They were hitched in 1905 and inside eleven years had six youngsters, one of whom kicked the bucket in earliest stages. They lived in Albany, New York where Franklin was in the state Senate from 1910 to 1913. This is the place Eleanor initially started being a political assistant. She helped her significant other when he filled in as Assistant Secretary of the Navy while she picked up information about Washington. She before long got dynamic in the womens division of the State Democratic Committee. At the point when Teddy Roosevelt went to the White House in 1933, she comprehended social conditions better than any of her antecedents and she changed the job of First Lady. She never evaded official engaging; she welcomed thousands with beguiling kind disposition. She additionally broke guide to hold public interviews, travel to all pieces of the nation, give talks and radio stations, and express her feelings openly in a day by day coordinated paper segment, My Day. When her better half kicked the bucket in 1945, she came back to a cabin at his Hyde Park bequest. Inside a year, she had started her administration as the American representative in the United Nations. She continued buckling down, until her body couldnt take it any more. She kicked the bucket in November of 1962. She was covered in Hyde Park close to her better half. From his effective battle for senator in 1928 to the day of his demise, she devoted her life to his motivations. She became eyes and ears for him, a trusted and indefatigable journalist. ... <! Eleanor Roosevelt expositions Eleanor Roosevelt was an appreciated lady ever. Regardless of her disturbed youth and numerous obstructions throughout everyday life, she changed into a sure persevering lady who achieved numerous objectives. Her numerous accomplishments throughout her life picked up her much regard and she turned into a good example who numerous Americans gazed upward to. Eleanor Roosevelt's achievements and her general character made her and a significant lady throughout the entire existence of America. Eleanor was conceived on October 11, 1884. She was naturally introduced to a Victorian family in New York. Her mom was the previous Anna Hall and her dad was Elliot Roosevelt. The youthful guardians had numerous companions, social eminence, and were originated from a well off family. In the start of their marriage, Eleanor's folks were particularly enamored and spent numerous decent occasions together. Eleanor turned out to be near her dad when she was youthful and he appreciated her conversation too. He gave her the epithet little Nell which was his moniker as a kid. On October 1, 1889 Anna brought forth another youngster, Elliot Jr., who later kicked the bucket of an ailment. Not long after their marriage notwithstanding, Eleanor's parent's relationship started its difficulties. Elliot drank excessively, played excessively and worked nearly nothing. This was influencing his relationship with his significant other and his family. A mishap where Elliot broke his lower leg likewise influenced his family life. Elliot spent the late spring in bed with Eleanor attempting to comfort him. This was hard for a little youngster and exceptional. This began Elliot's medication and liquor compulsion. He left the family and went south. After numerous months, Elliot at last got back home in the winter yet was not relieved. He kept on drinking vigorously and engaged in extramarital relations with one of his workers, Katy Mann. By 1890, he was urgent and fled again carrying his family with him. Here Eleanor invested quality energy with her dad. His drinking turned out to be less and less be that as it may, he continued his drinking in 1891. Anna at last left Elliot takin... <! Eleanor Roosevelt papers Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was conceived on October 11, 1884 and passed on November 7, 1962. She was an American human rights lobbyist, representative and as the spouse of President of the United States Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Eleanor is the longest serving First Lady of the United States from 1933-1945. As an acti

How conservative was Hogarth's view of London Essay

How moderate was Hogarth's perspective on London - Essay Example Hogarth’s significant works: Hogarth’s compositions depict a perspective on London boulevards that is clamoring and clamorous, with the end goal that a watcher taking a gander at the artworks gets an inclination nearly of claustrophobia since they give off an impression of being so pressed and close. The edge and view which the craftsman presents cause the view to feel as though s/he is strolling through jam-packed roads in London, instead of flawless and very much arranged ones. This sentiment of being packed and clogged might be noted particularly in his work titled â€Å"Southwark Fair (the humors of a reasonable) which is dated January 1733. This specific canvas is revolved around the congregation of St. George in Southwark. This specific canvas might be a follow on of the arrangement of eight artworks which contained the arrangement known as the â€Å"rake’s progress†. These were first introduced by Hogarth as canvases and portrayed the life of Tom R akewell , the child of a rich trader, who comes to London and spends away the entirety of his cash on prostitution and betting, so he is at long last sent off to jail and on to tumult. The last canvas in the arrangement shows a crazy and savage Tom entrusted to a psychological clinic and the artwork titled â€Å"Southwark fair† may speak to Tom’s plummet into madhouse.. ... As Brennan (2009) has brought up, one out of each five ladies in London during that timespan were whores. There was a popularity for virgins and the aristocrats followed through on a significant expense for the benefit of ravishing virgins. Hogarth’s depiction of these whores in his works, as likewise further itemized underneath, calls attention to that money related contemplations overshadowed ethical quality and uprightness. Young ladies could acquire a lot higher entireties of cash by selling out their bodies to lucrative men, rather than handling a genuine exchange and filling in as house cleaners or in comparable callings. Henceforth, ravenousness was the sole thought process in the shunning of righteousness and Hogarth’s depiction of these whores is to such an extent that a fall is definitely connected with the lives of these mistresses, following quite a while of swelling of their wallets through their income. Hogarth’s centerpieces question the current go od principles in the London of his day. In a thorough conversation of dark slaves and the good and social undertones that were related with the preparation of the previous slaves into mild houseboys, Molineaux has noticed that possessing a dark houseboy had gotten proportional to claiming a pet or a pooch, so seeing white women with their dark slaves had gotten genuinely normal in London. In his arrangement of works titled â€Å" A harlot’s progress† that comprise of six unique plates, Hogarth subtleties the narrative of a young lady who shows up in London and drops into prostitution. The subsequent print shows the mistress in lavish environmental factors, tucked away in a parlor claimed by a rich Jewish vendor, where the prostitute is additionally gone to by a monkey and a dark slave, along these lines implying in a humorous way, the alleged â€Å"high standing† that this lady has accomplished by ideals of being the rich Jewish

Demings 14-Point Philosophy A Recipe for Total Quality

Demings 14-Point Philosophy A Recipe for Total Quality Building quality into every level of a company is critical to their long-term success. This has also become the pursuit behind everything the organization does.From interacting with customers to assembling products and serving the customer, quality plays a key role in organizational success.Creating a company philosophy isn’t an easy feat. According to Josh Spiro from Inc., “it’s what differentiates you from everyone else.” In his words:“A companys philosophy is a distillation of its culture or ambiance into a group of core values that inform all aspects of its business practices.”Several people have their own approach to business, but Dr. William Edward Demings business philosophy is striking because of its underlying impact in this century.More importantly, his principles can be applied anywhere, from small businesses to large multinational companies. The 14 principles have become a basis for the transformation of industry.We’ll consider Demings 14-Point Philosophy an d how it can totally improve ‘quality’ in every aspect of the organization.1. Create “Constancy of Purpose” Towards Quality ImprovementCompetition is always lurking around in every market and industry. That’s why creating “Constancy of Purpose” towards quality is the key to unlocking your organization’s edge in the marketplace.Deming could see the impact of this philosophy from a mile away not as a short-term commitment or a luxury, but as a long-lasting philosophy that would drive business success and survival.When it comes to Deming’s 14 points, “Constancy of Purpose” deals primarily with planning for long-term delivery of quality. Source: Edwards Deming InstituteDeveloping short-term solutions to pressing organizational issues would only have a short-term effect. Deming noted that a more strategic approach is required.Trying to do the same things better is a good step, but organizations need to innovate, conduct market research, and continually improve product concept, design, and value.Above all, Deming urged businesses to pay more attention to the end user. Every decision, product, and activities should be geared towards making the end user happy and loyal.As long as the customer’s need is prioritized, the business will always survive irrespective of the competition. After all, without customers, the business will fail sooner or later.2. Embrace the New PhilosophyIt’s easy to promise customers quality products and services. Doing it is the challenging part. That’s why, apart from the developing “Constancy of purpose,” the organization must brace up to embrace the new philosophy which entails smart leadership.We’re in modern times. Therefore, traditional management practices may not be as effective as they used to be. In this era, both the management and staff should be inspired and incentivized to support quality improvement.They ‘MUST” not be forced to do so.If the staff members willingly embrace quality in their job, the results would be phenomenal and they’ll be excited about it.Deming’s 14 points support a foundation of building a culture of quality in the organization while naturally persuading every staff member to buy into the idea.Bank CEO, Peter Aceto in his book Weology introduced a new term “Weology” which is a powerful way for teams to embrace a new philosophy towards work. In his words:“Weology centers around the concept that teams thrive when everyone from the CEO to the most junior employee puts “we before me.” Source: WeologyDeming predicted that transitioning from a traditional method which requires old systems to a leadership focus which requires carrying every staff along, would result in a significant change in the way we do business.His prediction dated back in 1982 when there were fewer large organizations. But it turns out that his analysis is taking shape in today’s business dealings.Businesses should fan their vision of quality and continually work towards delivering quality products and services. It doesn’t matter the economic pressure or government policies, embracing a new philosophy that places ‘quality’ over ‘creativity’ is essential. Source: Toyota EuropeWhen changes or decisions are made on the basis of the competitive pressure, most times, it only leads to low-quality service.Sadly, it doesn’t put the customer first which is the main focus. Deming encourages organizations to focus on quality management and make it a priority. This, in turn, would lead to the fulfillment of customer needs.Deming recommended taking practical steps to make this a reality by instituting proper training for staff, effective supervision, full management support, consistency, and putting plans in place for management continuity.3. Don’t Inspect, But Build Quality InThere were a few things that businesses do that completely cripples their efforts. One of such is the idea of after-the-fact quality control. It may have worked for a few businesses at the time, but times are changing.Wiley’s Statistical Quality Control Report is a great resource to study.Deming encouraged businesses to take a different approach every time and not rel y on inspections to get quality. He noted that inspections no matter how detailed and systematic can miss defects.There’s more. Inspections can be costly to implement and they’re not designed to improve quality since they’re 100% focused on detecting poor quality instead of improving it.Deming recommended that building quality into every business process is a far better decision to make. Even though detecting faults in products and services could prevent harm to a business, that shouldn’t be the ultimate focus. It only provides a short-term fix to a long-term issue.The most viable step is to change processes and aim for ‘quality’ from the get-go. This would provide a better result in the future.Deming insists we use statistical controls on processes and not on the end results. His concept may not go well with founders and executives who don’t take pride in numbers. But it works because numbers don’t lie.Generating valid statistics can be a daunting task for most peo ple, but don’t worry. There are software tools that you can use to simplify the seemingly-complex task.In the end, improving processes to detect and eliminate errors is the ideal way to assure quality. It’s less costly and easier to embrace by the staff, instead of devising means to eliminate errors after they occur.4. Stop the Practice of Awarding Business on the Basis of Price Tag Are there businesses that still approve lowest tender contracts? You bet there are.At the end of the day, it doesn’t work well when you’re mostly involved with other businesses for the gains and not for the relationship. Why not minimize total cost by establishing that rapport with a supplier.Yes, a supplier for one item, whom you have a long-term relationship with can earn your loyalty and trust.Always remember that price and quality are like two Siamese twin that can’t be separated. Don’t try to beat down the price of items purchased and neglect quality and service can turn off good supplie rs out of your business.When you deal with a single supplier, you’re helping them to innovate and develop a systemic process in the production process.When you connect with more than one supplier, you should request for an additional variation of the product or service. You can qualify a supplier as a reliable source for accessories in a manufacturing process.It might even be ideal to discard manuals that were used as guidelines by unprofessional examiners to rate suppliers.Better yet, a business could request evidence of active involvement of management from the suppliers, encouraging them to apply IEE concepts. More importantly, special care should be given to the methodology employed to drive growth.In relying on a single supplier for any one item, keep these points in mind:Treat suppliers as your partners in your pursuit for quality. Encourage, inspire, and incentivize them to focus on improving their own quality theres no need competing for your business based on cost alone. Consistency yields quality with less variation in the input, the less variation youll see in the output.Analyze the total cost for quality, not just the initial cost the suppliers presented.To ensure that suppliers meet your quality standard, use quality and credible statistics.5. Keep Improving ProcessesThe processes involved in production and service can be complex, but it’s important constantly improve because that’s one of the best ways to ensure quality and productivity, as well as decreasing costs.Constant improvement in test and analysis methods and spending adequate time with the customers to understand how they use and misuse a product.Customer Manufacturing Group improved processes of a leading financial services company by assigning team leaders for each process and chose an appropriate documentation technique for each process map.The results: When the national economy and the industry tanked, having efficient processes that work in the organization helped the compan y thrive.There were times when companies, especially in the United States often worry about meeting the product specifications. Japanese companies, on the other hand, were more concerned about uniformity. The latter companies sought for ways to reduce variation about the nominal value.It became obvious to continual improvement can be achieved in many forms. For example, striving for improvement in the manufacturing process could infer that work must be done with a set of suppliers to improve their processes.The same concept that applies when Deming encouraged businesses to not rely on inspections to achieve quality, taking a traditional methodology to quality improvement may no longer work.6. Initiate the Right TrainingWe may view training as being costly but when you weigh-in the long-term impact on the employee’s productivity and attitudes to their jobs, you can only embrace it.When it comes to the cost of getting the right On-The-Job training, founders and entrepreneurs could f ind themselves analyzing the benefits. Sure, there’s the expense of enrolling people on courses, there’s also the productive time lost when they get back to work.Choosing the right training is important because the competition might already be ahead of you. Only the right training can get employees’ zeal and inclination to work maintained. The wrong training might as well affect their productivity.Deming’s emphasis is on-the-job training. The ultimate objective is geared towards quality improvement which, in turn, means getting consistent and predictable results as well as reducing variation.Essentially, an organization doesn’t want one or two persons to learn new skills and processes. Knowledge must be evenly distributed among the staff to avoid putting the business at risk.Deming admonishes functional managers to educate their staff and to encourage them to see how they can contribute to the process rather than just giving them specific tasks to do.In reality, on-the-j ob training can come in different forms and style. The employee onboarding process is an important training which can help the employees to understand the process involved in hiring them, and how they can leverage that insight to improve quality in their jobs.The management or top executives also need to be trained. Even though they’re not responsible for the tasks and processes, and all the details involved in an employee’s role, understanding what people do can be helpful.Armed with this knowledge, the management can better decisions and eliminate bottlenecks to quality.7. Institute LeadershipStrategic leadership is an integral part of total quality in an organization. The earlier the management institutes leadership, the better for the entire system.Deming noted that if managers and supervisors pay more attention to leadership rather than the traditional way of managing people and resources that imposes tasks on people, they should aim to understand, collaborate, and employ a coaching approach to management because it works.Even though supervision can’t be eliminated in business (it’s still necessary), collaborating with people and fostering their efforts towards delivering quality work is more effective than taking punitive action when you fail to see the outcomes you expected.A smart team leader doesn’t impose a task on his or her staff. He listens to them and ensures they play key roles in your quality management processes.They’re able to contribute, ask questions, brainstorm with other team members, and pinpoint bottlenecks you may not have noticed.Look at it this way: If your staff/team is meeting its potential, how do you think they won’t meet targets and quotes? That’s what a leader is there for to encourage his team to achieve goals while nurturing their own potentials.You act on their ideas as well and let them know you’re happy they spoke up during the meeting. You’re a leader that motivates your team to do their best work, yo u understand, you’re an action taker.8. Eliminate FearAn organizations tendency to avoid failure dampens, hinders, and inhibits the employee’s ability to pursue goal-oriented activities.Fear-based outcomes, in most cases, cripples every good decision thats been made by the management. It causes individuals to hoard their best ideas and attitudes towards their job. Worse, fear can hinder organizational effectiveness and performance.Most people think that fear motivates, but it does the opposite. It nourishes competition within and outside the organization, erodes joy and dignity of labor, discourages innovation, slows down communication, and propels short-term thinking. (J. Gerald Suarez, introduction p. xii, of Driving Fear Out of The Workplace).Deming argued that fear isn’t a persuasive factor for effective work, but a deteriorating effect that pulls down thoughts and intuitions. It’s true that no employee can do his best work unless he feels at home and confident.The manag ement should develop a culture that encourages employees to express their ideas and ask questions, without any form of fear. Impaired performance and adulterated figures are mostly the results of fear. Better job performance is a by-product of confidence.9. Break down Barriers between DepartmentsTeamwork equals better work. There’s no alternative to working as a team especially with shared interests. Working as individuals often lead to half-baked outputs that aren’t verified; after all, only one person’s thought went through the process.Whether you’re a part of a small or large company with many departments, make sure they don’t work in isolation. Deming encourages the sales department to collaborate with the customer care department.Product designers should get closer to the production team. Production should also work with marketing personnel and customer care attendants. They can share thoughts together and develop an effective system that fosters quality. That’s how the organization can reach its full potential.Even though the product designer may not have complete knowledge about sales, his insights as a designer can be priceless for the salesperson.Does the product require specific features?How do the current features meet customer needs?Given that your sales team always communicates with the customers all day, every other day, don’t you think that product designers spend some time talking to the sales team before they even add new features to an existing product or start working on new product design?Meanwhile, the production doesn’t have to be left out at all. What problems does the production team foresee in the new design?When departments work together, it’s pretty easy to pinpoint possible problems and eliminate them before they ever occur. That’s exactly what Deming proposes.Deming urges departments to recognize, communicate with, and serve the end user without reservations. That’s how to help the organization to soar in the midst of severe competition.10. Eliminate SlogansHow do slogans affect the end user? This is a question that most businesses needs to answer. Especially when they think that slogans sound so good.“Customers are Kings” is a good example. It’s a catchy slogan, but what does it stand for? Do customers even believe it?What about customers who have had terrible experiences with businesses in the past, are they still Kings?When it comes to the employees, these slogans mean nothing to them. It doesn’t speak ‘value’ to the workers in your internal value chance.To better drive ‘quality’ into your product and service, eliminate stimulating slogans from the workplace. Such slogans are perceived negatively by customers and employees they see it as being patronizing. Quality and production problems aren’t caused by an individual employee. The system itself is usually the factor.11. Eliminate Management by ObjectivesAlthough having numerical targets is important, good leadershi p shouldnt be supplemented in any way. Not by setting a quota or the like.Deming observed that high production targets affect quality. If you work in the production, for example, and you get paid per piece, its likely that youll finish as many pieces as possible because of the money you stand to get. You up your game to work faster, but are you working towards quality or to meet the standard?That’s why Deming urges managers to focus on processes. A well-designed process can bring the results we want. If it doesn’t, then the process needs to be improved upon.When there’s good leadership, the employees are proud of their work. They’re determined to perform well. This is the job of the management to create an enabling environment in which they can do so.Truly, numbers are still important. But rather than using it as a benchmark to measure people who execute the work with quotas, the management should use the numbers as a means of measuring the process.Some people argued that nu mbers can motivate employees, particularly in the marketing and sales departments, but Management by Objectives should be approached with the right mindset and tools.Setting numerical targets will encourage people to take shortcuts that will negatively affect quality? The rule is to measure what you want to see. If you want to see ‘quality’ output at the end of the day, then measure the processes involved in the world.All in all, you can still set a numerical goal but make sure your organization has the capacity to reach it. Without a clear plan and a strategy, numbers are worthless.12. Permit Pride of WorkmanshipIts all over the news. We hear horror stories of employees who were underappreciated and undervalued. As a founder or top executive with the responsibility of dishing out instructions to others, you dont want to be involved in this mess.Once you start making your employees feel appreciated and proud of their workmanship, youll inspire them to do their best work ever. If they’re not appreciated, they’ll likely leave their job eventually.Deming believed that if employees take pride in their work, this can have a multiplier effect on quality and process improvement. When you love your job, you do better and you’re excited about heading to work every day.But when you’re being criticized and compared to others, you quit enjoying your work. You quickly switch attitudes in seconds. Do you see how powerful appreciation can be?The management needs to understand that some workers are smarter than others. Some will perform better than their counterparts. Some will be more punctual than others. While it’s great to commend achievements, the rest of the team should never be put down, or feel they’re worthless.Deming urged businesses to commend everyone (at different levels) as this can ultimately spur everyone working towards quality improvement happily.13. Establish Learning and Self-ImprovementSelf-improvement is a process which can improve self-e steem and productivity. But it doesn’t happen in a day.The workplace doesnt have to put the employees life on hold. Because your staff have dreams and aspire to be great in their own way. The self-improvement they plan to achieve can be nurtured at work.Without self-improvement and continuous learning, the quality of life of workers both in and outside of the office can result in a downward spiral of negative energy. It drowns their efforts, and self-improvement seems like a gigantic mountain to surmount.The good news is that businesses are beginning to institute learning and self-improvement programs as an integral part of the work system.For example, most Fortune 500 companies are encouraging their employees to relax, exercise, take breaks, and establish a workflow routine that suits them.Deming admonishes the management to advocate personal growth through continued education. When people are exposed to knowledge that is relevant to their jobs or life, their pursuit of happiness and skills improve. They’re also better equipped to take on challenges in the workplace.14. The Transformation is Everyones GoalThe most powerful force in today’s business environment is the System. Dr. Deming argued that the people are there to sync with the established system. In other words, the ideal way to improve quality or productivity is to improve the system.If the system is working, the people will work better.On the other hand, Deming advocates getting closer to people who carry out the process if you’re looking for solutions to a specific problem.According to Dr. Deming, the management can use business process notation such as flowchart to capture relevant processes before analyzing them.Next, the managers and supervisors can help think through the process to see how it can improve the quality of outputs in the organization.CONCLUSIONAlthough Deming doesn’t give advice on how to effect lasting change, his 14 points philosophies have helped large businesses to th rive, to say the least.The good news is that new businesses and small businesses can implement his philosophies to improve total quality in their products, services, staff, and culture. Thus, meeting their customers’ needs and staying relevant in the future.

marketing Essay - 1061 Words

Online Marketing Definition Online marketing has many different definitions. However, the most straight forward is â€Å"Any positive communication between distributor and purchaser through the digital area (Internet, forums, chat, e-mail, the web, etc.) Which provides for the exchange of requested or necessary information directed to a potential customer’s purchase and a continuing and profitable customer/seller relationship.† (Forester, 1999, p.3) This definition gives the main idea of why many businesses have joined the online marketing segment and why businesses are still joining. On the other hand, the simple definition of marketing is â€Å"the process of planning the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and†¦show more content†¦The online sector of a business should have a complete overview of this idea and should use it to sell its products. Although some business people still have a production orientation. These people do not have much interest in th e customers’ needs; they think of products and how to make money fast. People like this act as thought they are stuck at the beginning of the production era, where there were shortages of most products (Schwartz, 1999, p.5). Online Marketing Definition Online marketing has many different definitions. However, the most straight forward is â€Å"Any positive communication between distributor and purchaser through the digital area (Internet, forums, chat, e-mail, the web, etc.) Which provides for the exchange of requested or necessary information directed to a potential customer’s purchase and a continuing and profitable customer/seller relationship.† (Forester, 1999, p.3) This definition gives the main idea of why many businesses have joined the online marketing segment and why businesses are still joining. On the other hand, the simple definition of marketing is â€Å"the process of planning the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfies individual and organizational objectives.† (Berkowitz, 1992, p.67) These two definitions explain how the marketing has a notion that means that an organization aims all its efforts at satisfying its customers. This idea is aShow MoreRelatedMarketing Analysis : Marketing And Marketing966 Words   |  4 Pagesreflect back over these last five weeks I now have a clearer view of marketing and how it affects not just the consumers of the world and the companies with their marketing managers, but how it affects me. Yes, I am a consumer who clips coupons, budgets my finances, and looks for sale items and this marketing class has taught me that marketing is more than selling or advertising. 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How Distraction Has On Altering Pain Perception Relative...

memory capacity of the individual and their ability to effectively engage in the distraction technique. This study aims to extend on previous research pertaining to working memory capacity, distractibility and pain perception. The objective of this study is to observe the effect distraction has on altering pain perception relative to an individual’s working memory capacity. In this study we will utilize the operational span task (OSPAN) developed by Turner and Engle (1989) to split the participants into high and low working memory span groups dependent on their OSPAN scores. Participants will then engage in a simulated pain task under two conditions: distraction and no distraction. This study will include 40 participants; 20 in the low working memory span group and 20 in the high working memory span group. We expect that the low working memory span group will, on average, report higher pain ratings than the high working memory span group in the experimental (distraction) condi tion. We hope that this study will show that the inverse relationship between working memory and distractibility will have an effect on how people perceive pain. We hope that the current study will guide future research in exploring alternative non-pharmacological methods to relieve pain. Keywords: working memory, OSPAN, pain perception, distractibility Effect of Working Memory Capacity and Distraction on Pain Perception There are times in our lives when we might experience pain that is inescapableShow MoreRelatedHesi Practice31088 Words   |  125 Pageslb, 8 oz). B. A low-birth-weight neonate. C. A neonate born at less than 37 weeks gestation regardless of weight. D. A neonate diagnosed with intrauterine growth retardation. 2. A client with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus has just learned she s pregnant. The nurse is teaching her about insulin requirements during pregnancy. Which guideline should the nurse provide? A. Insulin requirements don t change during pregnancy. Continue your current regimen. B. Insulin requirements usuallyRead MoreBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 PagesBRAND BUILDING BLOCKS Building Strong Brands: Why Is It Hard? It is not easy to build brands in today s environment. The brand builder who attempts to develop a strong brand is like a golfer playing on a course with heavy roughs, deep sand traps, sharp doglegs, and vast water barriers. It is difficult to score well in such conditions. Substantial pressures and barriers, both internal and external, can inhibit the brand builder. To be able to develop effective brand strategies, it is useful toRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesSenior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Cathleen Petersen Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik Art Director: Kenny Beck Text and Cover Designer: Wanda Espana OB Poll Graphics: Electra Graphics Cover Art: honey comb and a bee working / Shutterstock / LilKar Sr. Media Project Manager, Editorial: Denise Vaughn Media Project Manager, Production: Lisa Rinaldi Full-Service Project Management: Christian Holdener, S4Carlisle Publishing Services Composition: S4Carlisle Publishing ServicesRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesmoney From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student support from an experiencedRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesand lag activities [6.2.3] F.3 Project duration Chapter 14 Project closure Closure report 4.5.1.4 Organization processes (.5) [4.5.3 4.6.3.2] 4.6.1 Administrative tasks (.3) [3.7.1, 12.4] 10.3.3.1 Lessons learned [8.3.3.4] 9.4.2.2 Individual performance appraisals Chapter 7 Managing Risk Chapter 15 Chapter 16 International Projects Oversight 11.1 Risk management process [F.8] 11.2 Identifying risks 11.3.2.2 Impact matrix 11.4 Risk assessment 11.5 Risk responses (.2–.1Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesexploring organization theory the book increases the understanding of a field that in recent years has become ever more fragmented. Organization theory is central to managing, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures, and in this respect you will find this book timely, interesting and valuable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational

Advent Of Implants Rendered Endodontics Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

The justification for pull outing a tooth which has been endodontically treated and puting an implant in its position is a sensitive and combative one. In 2005 Ruskin et al1 published a professional sentiment article in which a strong instance is made for the extraction of dentitions and immediate arrangement of an implant over endodontic intervention. The writers province that the literature provides a clear advantage for implants in footings of success rates, predictability, and cost when compared with endodontic therapy. We will write a custom essay sample on Advent Of Implants Rendered Endodontics Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now This point of view represents one extreme of what is going a turning argument sing whether or non to pull out a tooth which may be otherwise retained through endodontic intervention in favor of an endosseous implant. With the osseointegrated alveolar consonant implant construct developed by Brnemark going a widely accepted intervention mode for the replacing of losing dentition, the pick to retain a morbid tooth through endodontic intervention or pull out it and put an endosseous implant-borne prosthetic device is going a modern treatment-planning quandary. There is no uncertainty that the modern implant is a brilliant intervention pick when dentitions have been lost due to periodontic disease, cavities, or traumatic hurt. However, does the grounds support the bold claims of Ruskin and others? This reappraisal aims to reply this inquiry by analyzing the grounds available in the literature, comparing both intervention options under a figure of standards, and offering an sentiment as to whether the coming of implants truly has rendered endodontias disused. When researching the literature to compare between success rates of endodontic and implant intervention, a common job is cited in many articles12-15 relating to the markedly different standards used to mensurate success. Torabinejad et al16 found that result steps used in the endodontic literature were more rigorous than those in implant surveies. Endodontic success seems to be assessed utilizing the standards set out by Strindberg in 195617 ( or alterations of these criteria18 ) , which require the absence of periapical radiolucencies with a normal, integral periodontic ligament and integral lamina dura environing the vertex. Clinical map and histopathological rating of biopsied tissue samples have besides been used19. However, the success of implants has been mostly judged on survivability. Implant endurance has been described by Albrektsson20 as implants that are still in map but unseasoned against the positive result standards outlined by Watson et al21, i.e. an implant which is functional, symptom free and with no obvious clinical pathology. Therefore, the definition of endurance as found in the implant literature does non take into history the fact that there may be associated bone loss, redness or periodontic defects associated with these implants. For illustration, in a survey conducted by Brocard et al22, implants with marks of peri-implantitis and maintained by antibiotic intervention were non considered failures. Therefore, it has been suggested that success rates for endodontic therapy and implants may be unnaturally low and high, severally, because of the narrow definition of success used in endodontic clinical research and the slightly broad standards for success in the implant literature. In add-on to this job, Morris et al12 found that success rates of endodontic intervention surveies may be negatively biased because of the varying degrees of clinical experience of those executing the interventions, with the bulk of processs being performed by general practicians and pupils in the endodontic literature15, 23. In contrast to this, most implants were placed by specialists24. Some surveies have striven to battle these disagreements. Hannahan and Eleazer25 gauged both intervention types by specifying success as the radiographic grounds that the implant or treated tooth was still present in the oral cavity and that there were no marks or symptoms necessitating intercession during the follow up period. They found that there was no important difference between the success of either implant or endodontic intervention ( 98.4 % and 99.3 % severally ) but that there was a important difference in the demand for intercession after intervention, with 12.4 % of implants but merely 1.4 % of endodontically treated teeth necessitating intercessions. These findings were supported in a retrospective chart review14, which found that both interventions had similar failure rates but that implants had a higher frequence of postoperative complications which required intercession ( 17.9 % ) . Deporter et al26 besides found similar failure rates between the two but once more rep orted that implants had a higher incidence of postoperative complications necessitating intervention. Additionally, two separate systematic reappraisals in 200713, 27 concluded that the two interventions produce similar results. Physiological Factors, Function and Aestheticss Schulte28 found that the proprioceptive mechanisms of the natural tooth can non be replaced by ankylotic maintained implants. Trulsson29 showed that periodontic receptors expeditiously encode tonss when dentitions ab initio touch and manoeuvre nutrient, and merely a little sum of receptors encode the quick and powerful addition in force associated with seize with teething through nutrient. Consequently, patients who lack signals from periodontic afferent fibers such as those with implants – show an impaired all right motor control of the mandible. Therefore, tooth loss and replacing with an implant may hold inauspicious physiological and functional effects. Aestheticss has been reported as the most frequent job with implants in the anterior region30. Torabinejad and Goodacre31 found that a natural tooth can frequently accomplish better aesthetic consequences than an implant, but that in instances where the intervention program involves coronating the natural tooth, an implant Crown may be a better pick. This is because the implant can be crafted with a thicker sum of porcelain that enhances the colour-matching potency, particularly in the cervical part. Troubles have besides been reported in accomplishing aesthetic consequences when two next anterior dentitions are replaced with implants. It has been shown that merely 3-4 millimeter of soft tissue will organize coronal to cram lying between two implants, which may take to the loss of the interdental papilla and the formation of an inaesthetic black trigon between the two restorations32. Therefore, retaining a natural tooth maintains the proximal crestal bone and interdental papilla, helping overall aesthetics and visual aspect. Cost Benefit A cost benefit analysis comparing between single-tooth implants and endodontic intervention by Moiseiwitsch and Caplan33 concluded that – excepting any subsidiary processs such as bone transplants, sinus lifts or crown prolongation processs – endodontias and a Crown is less expensive, requires less visits and is completed quicker than an implant. Pennington et al34 found that root canal intervention is extremely cost-efficient and that orthograde re-treatment when confronted with initial failure is besides cost effectual, although surgical re-treatment was found non to be. This allowed them to reason that implants may hold a function as a 3rd line of intercession if re-treatment fails. Christensen35 found that an implant-supported Crown costs about dual that of a root-treated tooth restored with a Crown. This grounds suggests that, at least from a fiscal point of view, endodontic intervention may be a preferred pick compared with implants. Decisions It is clear from the grounds that both intervention modes are, within their ain indicants, extremely successful and permanent Restorations. However, the bold suggestion of this reviews rubric is erroneous. It has been shown that it is hard if non impossible to compare endodontic intervention and implants in footings of result because of the huge differences in the definition of success between the two in the literature. This contradicts Ruskins claim that implants keep a clear advantage and that they are more predictable in result than an endodontically treated tooth. Rigorous standards utilized in root canal predictive surveies may take to the recording of lower rates of success, while the usage of less terrible success standards in implant surveies may bring forth higher success rates. Iqbal and Kim13 concluded that the determination to endodontically handle a tooth or infusion and replace it with an implant Restoration should be governed by factors other than outcome because of th e troubles in comparing the two, and recommended that all attempts should be made to continue the natural tooth before sing extraction and replacing. To let us to do a more accurate comparing between the two intervention modes, standardized methods of finding success must be used in the implant literature. There is no deficiency of recommendations for such standards. Albrektsson et al36 set forward their standards for implant success in 1986 that included absence of mobility, absence of peri-implant radiolucency, absence of marks and symptoms, loss of fringy bone of less than 1.5 millimeter during the first twelvemonth after interpolation of the prosthetic device and less than 0.2 mm one-year bone loss thenceforth, and a minimal 10-year keeping rate of 80 % . Others have besides proposed add-ons to this set of criteria37, 38. What can be stated for certain is that endodontic intervention shows great value in its long-run permanency and success. One of the chief aims in dental medicine is the saving of the natural teething, often and successfully achieved utilizing endodontic intervention. A 2007 meta-analysis39 showed that natural dentitions surrounded by normal healthy periodontal tissues demonstrate a really high length of service of up to 99.5 % over 50 old ages, and even dentitions which are undermined periodontally can hold survival rates of between 92-93 % one time treated and maintained on a regular basis. This survey concluded that implants do non excel the permanency of a natural tooth even if it is compromised but treated efficaciously. Therefore an implant should non be an alternate for dentitions that can be restored and maintained. Indeed, the keeping of dentition is of import to most patients. As tooth doctors, one of our primary ends is the saving of the natural teething. We must ne’er shun our responsibility to salvage dentitions whenever possible, despite the frequent and sometimes aggressive protagonism of implant arrangement over root canal intervention. A conference every bit early as 1979 seeking a consensus on dental implants warned that selling was forcing what was a budding engineering into uncontrolled and extended use40. It has besides been shown that implant surveies have a high hazard of bias41. Today there is a turning tendency among some purveyors of implants to advance this engineering as a superior intervention option to endodontias, a tendency which may bias the general tooth doctors objectiveness and forbid them from appropriately measuring and reding their patients. A instance is frequently made that dentitions with failed endodontic intervention, which are campaigners for retreatme nt to to the full eliminate periradicular disease, have a high hazard of failure. However, there is plentiful grounds in the literature that punctilious controlled disinfection can take to about 100 % healing and function42, 43. It is this reviews recommendation that the determination to pull out a tooth with the purpose of puting an implant-borne Restoration should be dictated by the clinicians scrutiny of the single patient and based on both the grounds above and clinical opinion. In instances of ongoing endodontic disease, endodontic orthograde or retrograde intervention must ever be the first pick. How to cite Advent Of Implants Rendered Endodontics Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

TheAmerican Psychological Associationis the la Essays -

TheAmerican Psychological Associationis the largest scientific and professional organization ofpsychologistsin theUnited States, with around 117,500 members including scientists, educators, clinicians, consultants, and students. The APA has different interest covering different topics ofpsychology. It is a notional educating and targeting schools doctors and the general audiences. The specific article the I gathered from APA focusses on sexual orientation specifically in the youth from ages 13, 14 which it emphasizes that a young adult does not need to go through puberty but rather have a nurturing home which her or she can develop in. the way it pushed to the reader was by making a study in 2005 that watched 10 young adolescents' and it gathered information by observing the children in a real home that argued that neutering home was more important rather than going through puberty. The study that they made was the only study of its kind for 8 years therefore making it one of the mos t important study's for the APA. The APA is a nationally recognized organotin and state recognized therefore making it one of the most important originations in America. What I found very interesting was it sated a fact that it was a nonbiest point of view when they reached to their conclusion they never recognized or attacked certain groups of the youth by clamming any facts towards one specific group unlike Richard Green MD said that if a mail showed any signs of female traits' that the guy would most likely end up gay. this article was published in 2008 Washington DC which does not affect their credentials do the APA constantly updating their sources and articles. The way this helps my research would be that it has its own perspective on neuter side of my question the article it focusses on the nurture side of my question instead like my other articles they basie their research more on age and puberty. This article states that if a home is neutering matter what the age the child will always go through a smother process to finding what their sexual orientation is. The way it compares to the other articles is basing it on two factors nurture and nature no matter what the study is.

The National Terrorism Advisory System Essay Example

The National Terrorism Advisory System Essay Example The National Terrorism Advisory System Essay The National Terrorism Advisory System Essay Running head: National Terrorism Advisory System The National Terrorism Advisory System Abstract As part of a series of initiatives to improve coordination and communication among all levels of government and the American public, the Homeland Security Advisory System (HSAS) was created. This advisory system was the foundation for building a comprehensive and effective communications structure to give information regarding the risk of terrorist attacks. This system was revised at a later date and became the Nation Terrorism Advisory System. Homeland Security Advisory System In March of 2002, President George W. Bush signed Presidential Directive3 which created the Homeland Security Advisory System (HSAS). This advisory system was the foundation for building a comprehensive and effective communications structure to give information regarding the risk of terrorist attacks to those at all levels of government as well as the American public. It was color coordinated with five levels: Blue (low), Green (Guarded), yellow (Elevated), orange (high), and red (Severe). These were meant to identify the risk of a terrorist attack. The different levels triggered pecific actions by federal agencies and state and local governments, and they affected the level of security at some airports and other public facilities. Actions included increasing police and other security presence at landmarks and other high- profile targets, a closer monitoring of international borders and other points of entry, and ensuring that emergency response personnel were ready to respond if needed. The published terror alert notices urged American citizens, to be vigilant, take notice of their surroundings, and report suspicious items or activities to local authorities immediately. The problem with this color coded system was that the level never went higher than orange and there was no end date or time as to when that threat level would no longer be active. Another problem was that each and every time the threat level was raised, very rarely did the public know the reason, how to proceed, or for how long to be on alert. As a result this left the public feeling more scared than prepared (Staff, 2011). Most of the American public found this system to be very conTuslng. cnanges tnat were mace On April 20, 2011 , Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano announced that here would be an updated version of the advisory system that would be implemented by the Department of Homeland Security. This update would be called the National Terrorism Advisory System (NTAS). The NTAS is a robust terrorism advisory system that provides timely information to the public about credible terrorist threats and replaces the former color-coded alert system (Chronology of Changes to the Homeland Security Advisory System). The main differences were, they removed the color code system and instead replaced it with two terms; Elevated Threat Alert, and Imminent Threat Alert. An Elevated Threat warns of a credible terrorist threat against the United States whereas an Imminent Threat warns of a credible, specific, and impending terrorist threat against the United States (NTAS Guide April 20 2011, 2011) . Under NTAS, DHS will coordinate with other federal agencies to issue detailed alerts to the public when the federal government receives information about a credible terrorist threat. Depending on the nature of the threat, alerts may be sent to law enforcement, distributed to affected areas of the private ector, or issued more broadly to the public through both official and social media channels. Theses alerts were to include a clear statement using the most up to date information. It may also include specific information, if available, about the nature of the threat, including the geographic region, mode of transportation, or critical infrastructure potentially affected by the threat, thus providing a concise summary of the potential threat and about actions being implemented to ensure public safety, and recommended steps that communities, business and governments can take to espond to the threat (NTAS Guide April 20, 2011). Another change that was implemmented was the Sunset Provision. This meant that an inidviual threat alert would only be issued for a specific time period and then expire. No longer would there be a constant alert or blanket warning that there is a possible threat. Unless new information was learned or the threat evolved, the threat alert would expire on the spcified date. If however there was a change in information and the alert had to be extended, the Secretary of Homeland Security would announce an updated NTAS alert. All other changes, including the cancelation of an alert, would be dispersed the same was as the original alert. The Secretary of Homeland Security will announce the threat alerts publically. Alerts will simultaneously be posted at DHS. gov/alerts and released to the news media for distribution. The Department of Homeland Security will also distribute alerts across its social media channels, including the Departments blog, Twitter stream, Facebook page, and RSS feed ( NTAS Guide April 20 2011, 2011). The NTAS realizes that all Americans help with the responsibility of the nations security. As such, citizens should be aware of the risk of a terrorist attack and thus should report any and all suspicious activity their local law enforcement. In order to properly understand what suspicious activity is, the campaign of If you see something, say something was formed. Factors such as race, ethnicity, national origin, or religious affiliation alone are not suspicious. For that reason, the public should report only suspicious behavior and situations (e. g. , an unattended backpack In a puDllc place or someone trylng to DreaK Into a restrlctea area) ratner tnan eliefs, thoughts, ideas, expressions, associations, or speech unrelated to terrorism or other criminal activity. References NTAS Guide April 20 2011. (2011, April). National Terrorism Advisory System Public Guide. Chronology of Changes to the Homeland Security Advisory System. (n. d. ). Retrieved from Official website of the Department of Homeland Security: https://www. dhs. gov/ homeland-security-advisory-system Staff, C. W. (2011, January 26). CNN Politics. Retrieved from CNN: cnn. com/ 2011 POLITICS/OI /26/threat. level. system. change/

How to Write a Novel Writing an AMAZING Book in 15 Steps

How to Write a Novel Writing an AMAZING Book in 15 Steps How to Write a Novel in 15 Steps Much like learning to ride a bike, the best way to learn how to write a novel is by just doing it. Unlike saddling up on a Schwinn for the first time, however, writing a novel can’t be accomplished in one hot summer’s day. It requires good doses of commitment and perseverance. As Octavia Butler put it: â€Å"You don’t start out writing good stuff. You start out writing crap and thinking it’s good stuff, and then gradually you get better at it. That’s why I say one of the most valuable traits is persistence.†This post will break up the 15 major steps of writing a novel into bite-sized pieces, organized in three categories - before, during, and after you write your manuscript. Those steps are as follows:How to Write a Novel: Working with readers is important, because during the writing process authors can often become blind to certain issues like plot holes, lack of continuity, exposition dumps, etc. Beta readers can help you iron these things out before you publish your novel - and you get the exact same feedback, only in a negative user review on Amazon which everyone can see.For more information on where to find beta readers and tips for getting the most out of working with them, head here. And if you're curious about sensitivity readers and what they do, go here.15. Hire a professional editorOne of the most important parts of getting a novel ready for publication is to: hire an editor. It might not be the cheapest investment, but when you think of the many hours you’ve spent getting your novel to this point, the cost of getting an expert to fine-tune and polish your story is likely worth it.Here are a few types of editors you might want to consider working with:Developmental Editor. If youâ⠂¬â„¢re planning to hire multiple editors once you finish your manuscript, it’s best to start with a developmental one. They will provide a holistic and in-depth review of your novel,   giving you feedback on everything from problematic characterization to sentence structure.Copyediting. A copyeditor has a more zero’d-in approach than developmental editor. They will make sure that the â€Å"copy† - the actual language used in your novel - is perfect, keeping an eye out for things like bad grammar, repetition of certain words, or spelling mistakes.Proofreading. Typically the last stage of editing, proofing provides your manuscript with a final polish, making sure it puts its best foot forward when it hits the presses. A proofreader will ensure that every word in your novel is spelt correctly and that every sentence is grammatically correct, clearly marking any errors they find.Learn more about what each type of editing consists of here.Now, how about that pri ce tag we mentioned? Well, the cost of professional editing will depend on a number of variables: the type of editing you need, the specific editor you hire, and your books length, to start.But to give you a general idea, here are the potential costs of editing a 60,000-word manuscript:Developmental Editing: $1,440Copy Editing: $1,020Proofreading: $600Check out our post for more information on the costs of editing - and even try out our pricing calculator by entering the word count for your novel and genre. Step by step: tackle writing a novel in bite-sized pieces And there you have it, 15 steps that will take you from â€Å"one day I’ll write a novel† to â€Å"today I finished writing my first novel.† During the process, the perfect title for your book may have come to you. If not, finding the perfect moniker for your story will likely be a last - and important! - step. But don’t worry, we’re not going to leave you hanging. Check out our book title generator and generate titles based on your genre until you find the one.What step of the process do you typically get stuck on? What advice might you have for other writers currently struggling to get their novel going? Leave any thoughts or questions in the comments below!

The Short ID Exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Short ID Exam - Assignment Example 1.Normative Sources These are sources of information that offer guides on the ethical/correct way of doing something. There are three normative sources in Islam: The Qur’an, the hadiths, and classical Islamic law. 2.Historiography This is the study of materials written by Muslim historians on the events of the early Islamic period. 3. The five Pillars of Islam These are the obligations that every Muslim should live by. They are prayer (Salat), faith (Shahadah), concern for the needy (Zakat), fasting (Sawm), and pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj). 4. Caliphate This is an Islamic political-religious leadership that centered on a successor (Caliph/Khalifah) to Prophet Muhammad. 5. Hadith These are sacred collections containing records of sayings and conduct of Prophet Muhammad. 6.Turkic Migrations The general movement of people from Central Asia resulting in the expansion of the Turkic Tribes in the Middle East and Europe 7.Muhammad al-Khwarizmi A Persian mathematician renowned for his c ontributions to mathematics, more so Algebra. 8. Pax Mongolica A period of peace and stability after the conquest of the Mongolian Empire 9.Sha Ismail Safavi Shah of Iran between 1502 and 1524 and founder of Persia’s Safavid Empire. He also played a major role in overseeing the dominance of the Twelver branch of Shia Islam over Ismaili.

Journalism should not be just a trade , it should be a crusade Essay

Journalism should not be just a trade , it should be a crusade . should journalists have a moral responsibility to stand up fo - Essay Example As we all know,  information is power, and if this power is concentrated into the hands of only a few, may lead to inappropriate handling or abuse of the power. It is for this reason, shared power is a safer option for the benefit of the entire society, and it is here that the journalists play the important role of redistributing this power of information. Since journalists have the task of redistributing information, in the process, they may partake in some of the power which is associated with information, and it is here that the role of ethics and responsibilities comes into play. Ethics is a form of commitment where one pledges not to abuse power, and to use the accorded freedom with responsibility, which is never an easy task. There is always an underlying tension between the ethics of freedom and responsibility. Here the dynamics between these two contending ethical factors in respect to an individual or a society can be divided into two main perspectives. The libertarian per spective (of the Enlightenment era), gives more emphasis on the freedom of an individual or the rational being. This perspective has been always prevalent in the US form of journalism, where the press has been accorded complete freedom, at least theoretically. The other view is the communitarian perspective, which emphasises on establishing social or  community connections, with certain responsibilities on both sides, which was clearly outlined in the Hutchins Commission on Freedom of the Press  published in 1947. The report brought in the theory of ‘social responsibility,’ where the press was said to be under moral obligations to work for the general well being of the society; and the modern concept of ‘civic journalism movement’ was formed, based on these guidelines as given in the Commission (Nerone, 1995, 77-100). In this article, I will examine the various theories of journalism, and will analyse, to come to a conclusion as to whether the journalis ts should have a moral responsibility to stand up for the weak against the powerful within a society? Discussion Ethics and journalism: Ethics is the process of analysing and evaluating certain facts and situations, and identifying the correct conduct in the light of the various principles and the prevalent social and religious norms of a particular time. Here the basic question does not simply end at asking as to how one can live well, but also puts in the question as to how one should live by the rules of one’s ethics, while foregoing some of the personal advantages, and even face persecution, as he carries on with his ethical duties. Ethical reasoning is often based on personal interpretations, as one examines and changes his principles, in view of the available new types of information and technology, and new social conditions (Ward, 2007). Ethics thus encompasses both the aspects of theoretical and one’s personal practical reasoning. As regards theoretical reasoni ng, ethics is the study of the various existing forms of ethics, and the types of prevalent ethical reasoning, and of the neutrality of the moral/ ethical principles. In case of practical reasoning, ethics is â€Å"applied ethics,† or the application of the ethical principles to check their suitability in the various dimensions of life domains like while dealing with scientific research, professional work, and also in corporate governance (Dimock & Tucker, 2004). Journalism is a type of ‘applied ethics,’ which involves the analysis and the application of

Vodafone And Airtel And Customer Satisfation Marketing Essay

Vodafone And Airtel And Customer Satisfation Marketing Essay The Indian Telecommunications network with 110.01 million connections is the fifth largest in the world and the second largest among the emerging economies of Asia. Today, it is the fastest growing market in the world and represents unique opportunities for U.S. companies in the stagnant global scenario. The total subscriber base, which has grown by 40% in 2005, is expected to reach 250 million in 2007. According to Broadband Policy 2004, Government of India aims at 9 million broadband connections and 18 million internet connections by 2007. The wireless subscriber base has jumped from 33.69 million in 2004 to 62.57 million in FY2004- 2005. In the last 3 years, two out of every three new telephone subscribers were wireless subscribers. Consequently, wireless now accounts for 54.6% of the total telephone subscriber base, as compared to only 40% in 2003. Wireless subscriber growth is expected to bypass 2.5 million new subscribers per month by 2007. The wireless technologies currently i n use are Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). There are primarily 9 GSM and 5 CDMA operators providing mobile services in 19 telecom circles and 4 metro cities, covering 2000 towns across the country. Vodafone Group plc is a global telecommunications company headquartered in Newbury, United Kingdom. It is the worlds largest mobile telecommunications company measured by revenues and the worlds second-largest measured by subscribers (behind China Mobile), with around 332 million proportionate subscribers as at 30 September 2010. It operates networks in over 30 countries and has partner networks in over 40 additional countries. It owns 45% of Verizon Wireless, the largest mobile telecommunications company in the United States measured by subscriber The name Vodafone comes from voice data fone, chosen by the company to reflect the provision of voice and data services over mobile phones Its primary listing is on the London Stock Exchange and it is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It had a market capitalization of approximately  £92 billion as of November 2010, making it the third largest company on the London Stock Exchange. It has a secondary listing on NASDAQ.In 1980, Sir Ernes t Harrison OBE, chairman of Racal Electronics plcs, the UKs largest maker of military radio technology, agreed a deal with Lord Weinstocks of General Electric Company plc to allow Racal to access some of GECs tactical battlefield radio technology. Briefing the head of Racals military radio division Gerry Whent to drive the company into commercial mobile radio, Whent visited GEs factory in Virginia USA in 1980. In 1982, Racals newly formed subsidiary Racal Strategic Radio Ltd under CEO When, won one of two UK cellular telephone network licenses; the other going to British Telecom The network, known as Racal Vodafone was 80% owned by Racal, Millicom with 15% and Hambros Technology Trust 5% respectively. Vodafone was launched on 1 January 1985Racal Strategic Radio was renamed Racal Telecommunications Group Limited in 1985. On 29 December 1986, Racal Electronics bought out the minority shareholders of Vodafone for GB £110 million. Under stock market pressure to realize full value for shareholders (the mobile unit was being valued at the same amount as the whole Racal group), in September 1988, the company was again renamed Racal Telecom, and on 26 October 1988, Racal Electronics floated 20% of the company. The flotation valued Racal Telecom at GB £1.7 billion. On 16 September 1991, Racal Telecom was demerged from Racal Electronics as Vodafone Group. In July 1996, Vodafone acquired the two thirds of Talk land it did not already own for  £30.6 million. On 19 November 1996, in a defensive move, Vodafone purchased Peoples Phone for  £77 million, a 181 store chain whose customers were overwhelmingly using Vodafones network. In a similar move the company acquired the 80% of Astec Communications that it did not own, a service provider with 21 stores. In 1997, Vodafone introduced its Speech mark logo, as it is a quotation mark in a circle; the Os in the Vodafone logotype are opening and closing quotation marks, suggesting conversation. untitled.bmp Bharathi Airtel Sunil Bharti Mittal founded the Bharti Group. In 1983, Sunil Mittal was into an agreement with Germanys Siemens to manufacture the companys push-button telephone models for the Indian market. In 1986, Sunil Bharti Mittal incorporated Bharti Telecom Limited (BTL) and his company became the first in India to offer push-button telephones, establishing the basis of Bharti Enterprises. This first-mover advantage allowed Sunil Mittal to expand his manufacturing capacity elsewhere in the telecommunications market. By the early 1990s, Sunil Mittal had also launched the countrys first fax machines and its first cordless telephones. In 1992, Sunil Mittal won a bid to build a cellular phone network in Delhi. In 1995, Sunil Mittal incorporated the cellular operations as Bharti Tele-Ventures and launched service in Delhi. In 1996, cellular service was extended to Himachal Pradesh. In 1999, Bharti Enterprises acquired control of JT Holdings, and extended cellular operations to Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. In 2000, Bharti acquired control of Skycell Communications, in Chennai. In 2001, the company acquired control of Spice Cell in Calcutta. Bharti Enterprises went public in 2002, and the company was listed on Mumbai Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange of India. In 2003, the cellular phone operations were rebranded under the single Airtel brand. In 2004, Bharti acquired control of Hexacom and entered Rajasthan. In 2005, Bharti extended its network to Andaman and Nicobar. In 2009, Airtel launched its first international mobile network in Sri Lanka. In 2010, Airtel began operating in Bangladesh and 16 African countries. Today, Airtel is the largest cellular service provider in India and fifth largest in the world. Aims and objectives: To see whether the customer of Vodafone and airtel are satisfied or not? To find out which telecom company have good plans of value added service and what type of plans subscriber like. Methodology: A survey was conducted on the customers of Vodafone and airtel . Personal interaction was made while conducting the survey. The primary data source includes that Final questionnaire filled by 100 customers. The Questioners include following: Close ended questions. Open ended questions. Suggestions of the customers. All the respondents were asked their own suggestions and they are mentioned after the responses. The secondary data sources were Internet, Broachers, gallery etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Problem Statement: There was a need to know the present position of the Vodafone and airtel telecommunication service provider and to know the level of the customer satisfaction. This will help out to both telecommunication service provider companies to improve their customers next visit and to retain in the Business Research Objective: Customer Satisfaction for Vodafone and Airtel Background: The report is based on the data collected from the customers, who are the users of Vodafone and Airtel also. Pilot Sampling: A Pilot Survey was conducted on 20 Respondents of customers of Vodafone and airtel. The aim of this Pilot Survey to get an idea of the question that can be asked in main questionnaire Survey and It also help out me in creating the options in the main questionnaire survey. Sampling Size: The Sample size was 100Respondents, who the users of both Vodafone and Airtel and are students of my college. The survey was conducted in my college premises only. Target Audience: Students who are using Vodafone as well as airtel service. Analysis Sms pack Which telecommunication service do you use? Conclusion: Above Pie-chart speaks about both customers are using airtel as well as Vodafone. 2) Do you use SMS pack service on your cell phone? Conclusion: Above pie chart speak about most of the 95% customer are using sms pack and 5% are not using sms pack. 3) Which companys SMS packing service do you use? Conclusion: Above Pie-chart speaks about both customers are using airtel as well as Vodafone. What influenced you to activate SMS service on: Conclusion :(Airtel) Above pie chat speak about that 77% customer come to know from the friend,12% come to know from the schemes,8% come to know from the advertisement and 3% come to know from the any other (brochers,banner etc) Conclusion :(Vodafone) Above pie chat speak about that 70% customer come to know from the friend,15% come to know from the schemes,11% come to know from the advertisement and 4% come to know from the any other (brochers,banner etc) 5)Which SMS pack service have you experienced using on: Airtel Vodafone Rs 9 (40 all loc sms) 1 day Rs 4( 100locnat sms) 1day Rs 24(5000 all loc+std sms) 10day Rs 10(50loc%nat sms) 10day Rs 67(15000 all loc+td sms)30 day Rs15 (75 loc%nat sms) 15day Rs 26(5000loc%nat sms) 10day Rs 36(1000loc%nat sms) 30day Rs 66(15000loc%nat sms) 30day Conclusion: Above table speak about list of sms pack service that airtel and Vodafone customer have experience before. 6)Which SMS pack schemes do you use currently on: Airtel Vodafone Rs 67(15000 all loc+std sms)30 day Rs 66(15000loc%nat sms) 30day Conclusion: Above table speak about most of airtel customer are currently using Rs 67(15000 all loc+std sms)30 day and most of the Vodafone customer are currently using Rs66(15000loc%nat sms) 30day . 7) How often do you activate SMS schemes on your mobile? Conclusion: Above line graph speak about 63% of customer are often are using activate SMS schemes on mobile,19% of customer are frequently activate SMS schemes on mobile,6% of customer are once a month activate SMS schemes on mobile,7% of customer are once 3 month activate SMS schemes on mobile and ,5% of customer are once a 6 months activate SMS schemes on mobile. 8) What do you think about the pricing of these SMS packs? Airtel: ok Vodafone: very good and excellent. Do you think that SMS pack service of Airtel is better than that of Vodafone? Conclusion: Above pie chart speak about 15% customers has said that sms pack service of airtel is better then of Vodafone and 85% said that sms pack service of Vodafone is better then airtel. How satisfied are you with the SMS pack service provided by Airtel? Conclusion: Above line graph speak about 15% customers of airtel are highly satisfied on sms pack service,25% customers of airtel are satisfied on sms pack,10% customers of airtel are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied on sms pack , 20%customers of airtel are dissatisfied on sms packand 30%customers of airtel are highly dissatisfied on sms pack service. How satisfied are you with the SMS pack service provided by Vodafone? Conclusion: Above line graph speak about 50% customers of airtel are highly satisfied,40% customers of airtel are satisfied,5% customers of airtel are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied , 3%customers of airtel are dissatisfied and 2%customers of airtel are highly dissatisfied. 12) According to you SMS pack service of which telecom service provider is better? Conclusion: Above line graph speak about 75% customer are said that Vodafone is better then airtel and 25% of airtel customer said that airtel is better then Vodafone. 13) Do you have any complaints? Airtel: No proper range High price Less awareness Messages pending mostly Vodafone: Increase validity of sms pack 14) Which service providers SMS pack service will you recommend to others in future? Conclusion: Above pie chart speak about that 71% of customers will recommend to Vodafone only in future, 24%% of customers will recommend to airtel only in future, and 5% for the both. Night calling Do you use Night calling service on your cell phone? Conclusion: Above pie chart speak about most of the 61% customer are using night calling pack and 39% are not using night calling pack. If yes then, which companys Night calling service do you use? Conclusion: Above pie chart speak about 5% of customers are using airtel only, 10% of customers are using Vodafone, and 85% of customers are using both. What influenced you to activate Night calling service on: Conclusion :(Airtel) Above pie chat speak about that 78% customer come to know from the friend,15% come to know from the schemes,5% come to know from the advertisement and 2% come to know from the any other (brochers,banner etc) Conclusion :(Vodafone) Above pie chat speak about that 70% customer come to know from the friend,15% come to know from the schemes,11% come to know from the advertisement and 4% come to know from the any other (brochers,banner etc) Which Night calling schemes do you use currently on: Airtel Vodafone Rs 28(300 night loc airtel min) 5 day Rs 22(175 loc Vodafone night min) 15 day Conclusion: Above table speak about most of airtel customer are currently using Rs 28(300 night loc airtel min) 5 day and most of the Vodafone customer are currently using Rs 22(175 loc Vodafone night min) 15 day. How often do you activate Night calling scheme on your mobile? Conclusion: Above line graph speak about 41% of customer are often are using activate night calling pack on mobile,52% of customer are frequently activate night calling pack on mobile,3% of customer are once a month activate night calling pack on mobile,2% of customer are once 3 month activate night calling pack on mobile and ,1% of customer are once a 6 months activate night calling pack on mobile. What do you think about the pricing of these Nights calling scheme? Ok satisfied Good Very good Attractive Do you think that Night calling scheme of Airtel is better than that of Vodafone? Conclusion: Above pie chart speak about 8% customers has said that night calling pack of airtel is better then of Vodafone and 92% said that night calling pack of Vodafone is better then airtel. How satisfied are you with the Night calling service provided by Airtel? Conclusion: Above line graph speak about 2% customers of airtel are highly satisfied with night calling service,10% customers of airtel are satisfied with night calling service ,26% customers of airtel are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with night calling service , 57%customers of airtel are dissatisfied and 5%customers of airtel are highly dissatisfied with night calling service. How satisfied are you with the Night calling service provided by Vodafone? Conclusion: Above line graph speak about 64% customers of Vodafone are highly satisfied with night calling service,27% customers of Vodafone are satisfied with night calling service ,4% customers of Vodafone are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with night calling service , 3%customers of Vodafone are dissatisfied and 2%customers of Vodafone are highly dissatisfied with night calling service. According to you Night calling service of which telecom service provider is better? Conclusion: Above line graph speak about 78% customer are said that night calling service of Vodafone is better then airtel and 22% of customer said that night calling service of airtel is better then Vodafone. Do you have any complaints: Airtel: no range, no clarity, price Vodafone: no. its ok and excellent. Which service providers Night calling pack service will you recommend to others in future? Conclusion: Above line graph speak about 3% of customer will recommended to airtel night calling pack service provider , 89% of customer will recommended to Vodafone as a night calling pack service provider and 8% of customers will recommended to both service providers. 13) Your suggestions to: Airtel :__________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Vodafone : __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ CONCLUSION AND LEARNING To end my project report, I would like to say that it was a really great experience working with Vodafone and airtel telecom industry Through this Internship I gained a lot of knowledge in this Project. It was a great experience to interact with the customers of Vodafone and airtel. Finally I want say thanks to the Vodafone and Airtel executive officer for allowing me to gain valuable information, for giving me an opportunity to conduct this study. From the above research I have done I can conclude that Vodafone is much better than airtel and hence airtel needs to work hard and get better. Specially about the sms packs, the pending messages which irritate the customers and the range at night. RECOMMENDATIONS/SUGGESTIONS Sms pack For Vodafone The validity for the sms pack should be increased as the customers those who are sending sms regularly are facing problem. More messages should be offer to customers for less money For Airtel Messages pending Slow delivery is there. So try to increase the speed. Easy service More messages should be offer to customers for less money More advertising should be done in order attract the customers. Night calling Vodafone:- Increase timings hours from (10.00pm to 8.00am) firstly it was (11.00pm to 8.00am) Reduce the price Validity should be increase. Should improve the scheme for night calling Airtel: Range problem. So set up a good range towers Promote your services to maximum end customers More advertising /promotion should be done in order attract the customers. Increase timings hours from (10.00pm to 8.00am) first it was (11.00pm to 6.00am) Bibliography Website: www.vodafone.in www.airtel.com www.google.com

Issues in the Correctional Systems of the United States Essay

I have chosen to research the correctional system of the United States for many reasons. The first reason is that I believe this component of the legal system has the most problems facing it. Another reason is that this topic interests me and I would like to learn more about it. There are many important issues, challenges and problems within the United States correctional system that need to be addressed. I found it difficult to focus on just three issues. The first problem I will discuss in my paper will be the issue of the growing population in the prisons. Prisons are overcrowded and murderers who have served barely half of their sentence are being released because the state facility needs their beds for other inmates. The second issue that I will discuss is prisoners and drugs; including, drug addicted prisoners and drug treatment prisoners. The third issue that I will talk about also pertains to drugs and deals with the problem of drug trafficking in prisons. The first component of the United States correctional system that I have chose to discuss is the problem caused by overcrowded prisons. This is an important topic because overcrowded facilities are a huge problem in America and are very detrimental to society. Prisoners who have been convicted of murder, but have shown good behavior while in prison, are being released with not even serving half of their sentence. The parole board is releasing these prisoners because space is needed for other prisoners coming in. What if, that prisoner that was released early because of overcrowded prisons had killed a member of your family and might now go kill someone else? Wouldn’t that make you a little upset with our system? There are many reasons why prisons in the United States are so overcrowded. To understand overcrowdedness one must first understand how expensive it is to build and maintain these correctional facilities. In 1993 the average cost to keep just one inmate incarcerated for a year was over $14,000 (Gaines, 1999). State courts convicted 872,217 felons during 1995 and one-third of the convictions were for drug offenses. 26% of all convicted felons were sentenced to local jails, usually for less than a year, and 45% were sentenced to state prisons. The remaining 29% were sentenced to probation with no jail or prison time to serve (Currie, 1998). Felons sentenced to state prison in 1994 were sentenced to an average of about six years but were most likely to serve just two of those six years, under the current release policies (Bender, 1998). There are many reasons why prisons became so overcrowded between 1985 and 1998. These factors include a 12.3 average annual increase in the number of Hispanic inmates, a 91% rise in admissions, a decline in the annual release rates, and a sharp rise in violent offenders among white inmates therefore keeping them in prisons longer (Jacobs, 1995). A lot of the increases were due to drug convictions. From 1985 to 1992 there was a 33% increase in the number of blacks sent to state prisons for violent offenses compared to a 27% increase in the number of whites. A similar increase in both incarcerated blacks and whites occurred for property crimes. However, for drug crimes, 94% more blacks were sent to prison from 1988 to 1992, while only 35% more whites were incarcerated (Cose, 2000). The nations courts are sentencing and admitting more offenders into America’s prisons than the facilities can hold. At the beginning of 1995, 39 states were under court order to relieve overcrowding (Currie, 1998). The way to address overcrowding is to build more prisons and maybe try to rehabilitate these felons a bit more. The 1995 census found that state and federal officials built 213 new prisons – 168 state and federal facilities with more than 280,000 beds between 1990-1995 to keep up with the growing prison population (Jacobs, 1997). In 1995 18 correction agencies opened 70 new institutions, adding 69,921 beds at an average cost of $46,758 (Jacobs, 1997). Some states have trouble building prisons fast enough to meet court orders to correct conditions. Because building prisons and adding new beds is costly, states are looking for other ways to manage overcrowding, such as  early release programs, electronic monitoring, keeping prisoners in local jails, and having offenders pay restitution to their victims. Early release gives officials a way to allow prisoners to leave before their sentence is completed. In New York, â€Å"presumptive release† permits the parole board to release offenders on parole after they have served their minimum sentences if they have not caused any problems. Good time or merit time allows the reduction of the sentence time for everyday of good behavior or for participating in particular programs. Felons were sentenced to an average sentence of 71 months in state prisons in 1994 but actually served about 38 % of that sentence (Bender, 1998). The danger in releasing inmates to make more room for new admissions is that some prisoners are violent offenders and should not be let out yet. Another way to deal with overcrowded conditions is for the government to save money by allowing private businesses to perform some government functions (privatization). This policy has largely affected the corrections system, especially as state and federal government face an increasing number of prisoners and , as a result, a growing need to build more prisons. People that are for the privatization of prisons believe that private firms would both improve the quality of services and reduce the costs. A National Institute of Corrections survey in the mid 1980’s found that more than 30 types of services were provided by the private sector (Gaines, 1999). The services most frequently supplied by private enterprise are health services, community treatment centers, facility constructions, educational programs, drug treatment, staff training and counseling. Much of the growth in the prison population can be attributed to the increase in the number of people sent to prison for drugs. In an effort to control overcrowding petty drug offenders should be given treatment or lighter sentences. When I say petty drug offenders I mean drug users and not drug dealers that are a greater threat to society. Maybe if they get treatment they don’t become repeat offenders. Loading our prisons with non violent drug offenders means that today we are committing more non violent offenders to hard time than we are violent criminals, and there is less room left for  violent offenders who should be put away to make society safer. There is a major question whether prison actually helps these drug users. They can usually find drugs in prison and if not they obtain drugs when they get out. It would be better if drug users were put into mandatory treatment programs on top of doing community services. This would help the situation of prison overcrowding while at the same time help those people who are involved in these treatment programs. There is a major problem when drug addicted people are put into prison and cannot get help they help. Prisoners sentenced for drug offenses made up the single largest group of federal inmates, 60% (Currie, 1998). This is a problem and inmates who are convicted of drug offenses should be made to participate in these programs. Most of these drug treatment programs at federal institutions have been ineffective and poorly run. In 1995, according to the Criminal Institute, about 13.2% of inmates participated in drug programs (Jacobs, 1995). The New York Times reported that, although 1 in 6 inmates receive some kind of treatment, only about 2 % have the kind of service rehabilitation that changes the inmates behaviors for a lifetime (Jacobs, 1995). Most of the participants end up recidivists. The most effective programs take many months but reduce the re-arrest rate greatly. Drug treatment advocates say that drug treatment programs could be provided for much less than the amount spent to build more prisons. A lot of average Americans think people in prisons are all hardened criminals. In reality, the prisons are filled wall to wall with drug abusers and mentally ill that need treatment instead of incarceration. They can change with the right help. In stead of building new prisons, the government should spend half that money on treatment programs. These programs would benefit society more than new prisons would. The third major issue that I would like to talk about deals with the problem of drug trafficking in prisons. It is a major problem when inmates can easily obtain drugs in prison. Many inmates who are constantly in and out of prison, see prison as a vacation from the rough streets. (Cose, 2000). This is because prisoners get three meals a day, free room and board, and are  able to purchase drugs. Prisons should be drug free and inmates should not be able to get high. It is hard to regulate drugs in prisons because in order to do so you would have to search everyone going in, keep all packages out, and lock inmates in their cells for 24 hours a day. With more and more inmates in prison for possessing and dealing drugs there is already a market and it is hard to keep drugs out. There are also too many corrections officers that go to work everyday and do all the drug pushing, making it hard to find the dealers. To address this problem of drugs availability in prisons more states are staging surprise lock downs and raids to stem the amount of drugs. This has proved to work but it is hard to do all the time because it involves a lot of man power. Another way in which in authorities try to keep drugs out of prisons is to use undercover officers. By using undercover officers in prisons you have an opportunity to get to the main source of the drugs coming in. The only problem with working on the inside to uncover drug trafficking is that it is very dangerous. Both the undercover officers, and surprise raids and lock downs are good way to regulate the amount of drugs in prisons. These issues that I have discussed are the major problems in the correctional system of the United States. These issues have to be addressed rapidly to better our society as a whole. These problems are not going to go away overnight and we, as voters in a democratic society must elect people that are going to take action and deal with these problems. Bibliography Bender, David. Does Capital Punishment Deter Crime Greenhaven press, CA 1998. Cose, Ellis. Newsweek-â€Å"America’s Prison Generations†. November 13, 2000 Currie, Elliot. Crime and Punishment in America. Henry Holt and Company, NY 1998 Gaines, Ann. Prisons. Chelsea House, Philadelphia 1999. Jacobs, Nancy. Prisons and Jails: A Deterrent to Crime? Information Plus, Texas 1995.